{"id":13178,"date":"2025-09-11T12:42:30","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T09:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=13178"},"modified":"2025-09-11T12:42:30","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T09:42:30","slug":"12-eylul-isci-haklarini-nasil-yok-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=13178","title":{"rendered":"12 Eyl\u00fcl \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Haklar\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yok Etti?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesi T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin en \u00f6nemli siyasal ve toplumsal d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerinden biridir. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980\u2019de Milli G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi (MGK) ad\u0131 verilen cunta, askeri darbe ile emir komuta zinciri i\u00e7inde \u00fclke y\u00f6netimine el koydu. Darbe T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplumsal, siyasal ve iktisadi yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek a\u011f\u0131r ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bir tahribata yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri darbesi ile h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131,\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u00a0(TBMM) la\u011fvedildi ve 1961 Anayasas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Siyasi partilerin faaliyetleri durduruldu ve ard\u0131ndan siyasi partiler kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Darbe ile sendikal faaliyetler durduruldu, grevler yasakland\u0131 ve toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi hakk\u0131 ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131. A\u011f\u0131r bir askeri diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131. Yo\u011fun g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar, tutuklamalar ve i\u015fkenceler ya\u015fand\u0131. Bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n, toplanma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Darbenin ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ok say\u0131da siyasal idam cezas\u0131 verildi ve bu cezalar infaz edildi.<\/p>\n<p>12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri darbesi 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den 8 ay \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131klanan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomi politikalar\u0131nda ciddi ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim anlam\u0131na gelen 24 Ocak 1980 kararlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde sermaye yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve emek kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesi ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>12 Eyl\u00fcl sendikal hareket \u00fczerinde de kal\u0131c\u0131 tahribata yol a\u00e7t\u0131; sendikal alan\u0131 yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirdi. Toplumsal muhalefeti, y\u00fckselen emek hareketini ve toplumsal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri bast\u0131rmak darbenin temel hedeflerinden oldu. 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar budanarak, 1982 Anayasas\u0131 ve 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen ve sendikal alan\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 2821 ile 2822 say\u0131l\u0131 yasalar ile otoriter bir emek rejimi in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Sendikal hareket 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe ald\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele giri\u015fiminde bulunmad\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbecilerinin en \u00f6nemli hedeflerinden biri D\u0130SK oldu. 12 Eyl\u00fcl ile birlikte D\u0130SK ile \u00fcye sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetleri durduruldu ve mal varl\u0131klar\u0131 donduruldu. D\u0130SK\u2019in ve \u00fcye sendikalar\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayy\u0131mlara devredildi. D\u0130SK y\u00f6netici ile temsilcileri g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131, i\u015fkence g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu tutuklanarak uzun y\u0131llar hapis yatt\u0131. D\u0130SK\u2019in kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticilerine idam talebiyle dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn 40. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde haz\u0131rlanan bu yay\u0131n 2025\u2019te 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn 45. Y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00fcncellenerek tekrar kamuoyuna sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-Eylu\u0308l-45-Yil.pdf\">Rapora eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rapordan \u00f6zet bulgular \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sendikalar 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda.<\/strong><em>\u00a012 Eyl\u00fcl ile lokavt ve grev yasaklar\u0131 anayasaya girdi, hak grevi yasakland\u0131, sendikalara siyaset yasa\u011f\u0131 getirildi. Sendika kurmak ve sendikal faaliyet zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sendikala\u015fma 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r engelleniyor.<\/strong><em>\u00a0Sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 1980\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 40 iken, 2025\u2019te y\u00fczde 14\u2019t\u00fcr. 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi ile i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fck dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r gasp ediliyor.<\/strong><em>\u00a012 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesi sonras\u0131nda D\u0130SK kapal\u0131 iken sendikal faaliyetlerin yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1984 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri kapsam\u0131ndaki i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda ciddi bir gerileme ya\u015fand\u0131. Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131ndaki i\u015f\u00e7i oran\u0131n\u0131n 1980\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ciddi bi\u00e7imde geriledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Grevler 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r yasaklan\u0131yor.<\/strong><em>\u00a012 Eyl\u00fcl askeri darbesi ile birlikte t\u00fcm grevler yasakland\u0131 ve grev hakk\u0131 1984\u2019e kadar ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131. Darbecilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek de grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 2,2 milyon sigortal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin oldu\u011fu 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda 80 bin i\u015f\u00e7i greve \u00e7\u0131karken, ortalama 15 milyon sigortal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin oldu\u011fu AKP d\u00f6neminde ise y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama greve \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 4 bin civar\u0131na geriledi.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00d6zelle\u015ftirmeler 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/strong><em> 24 Ocak ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl ile temelleri at\u0131lan ve \u00d6zal d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 AKP d\u00f6neminde daha da vah\u015fi bi\u00e7imde uyguland\u0131. 72,3 milyar dolarl\u0131k \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmenin aslan pay\u0131, 64,3 milyar dolar\u0131, y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 AKP d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Cumhuriyetin b\u00fct\u00fcn ekonomik birikimi sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00dccretler 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r eriyor.<\/strong><em>\u00a024 Ocak ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn temel hedeflerinden birinin \u00fccretleri bask\u0131lamak ve \u00fccret maliyetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek idi. 1974\u2019te ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na milli gelirin y\u00fczde 80,6\u2019s\u0131 olan asgari \u00fccret ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelirin y\u00fczde 43,6\u2019s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r bozuk.<\/strong><em>\u00a01978-1980 aras\u0131nda \u00fccretli istihdam oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 33 d\u00fczeyinde iken eme\u011fin milli gelirdeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 31,5 olarak tahmin ediliyordu. 2015-2024 aras\u0131 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 69\u2019a y\u00fckselirken pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 32,8\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r tehlikede.\u00a0<\/strong><em>12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesinin ilk uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131 ve ikramiyeleri k\u0131rpmak oldu. 1978\u2019de asgari \u00fccretin 7,5 kat\u0131 olan k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 tavan\u0131, asgari \u00fccret ile ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kopar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 2025 itibar\u0131yla k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 tavan\u0131 asgari \u00fccretin 1,9 kat\u0131na geriledi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130\u015fsizlik 45 y\u0131lda yap\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><em> \u0130\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131nda y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesinde 1970-1980 aras\u0131nda ortalama y\u00fczde 7,7 olan i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 1980\u2019li y\u0131lardan sonra k\u0131sa bir gerilemenin ard\u0131ndan tekrar y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1980-2002 aras\u0131 y\u0131llarda dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve ortalama y\u00fczde 7,9 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 AKP\u2019li y\u0131llarda ise h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi. AKP d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 14\u2019e kadar y\u00fckselen i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 ortalama y\u00fczde 10,8 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13180\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13180\" style=\"width: 723px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-Eylu\u0308l-45-Yil.pdf\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13180\" src=\"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-09-11-11.48.26-723x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"723\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-09-11-11.48.26-723x1024.png 723w, https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-09-11-11.48.26-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-09-11-11.48.26-768x1087.png 768w, https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-09-11-11.48.26-1085x1536.png 1085w, https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ekran-Resmi-2025-09-11-11.48.26.png 1092w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13180\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rapora eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesi T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin en \u00f6nemli siyasal ve toplumsal d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerinden biridir. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980\u2019de Milli G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi (MGK) ad\u0131 verilen cunta, askeri&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-c-s2-post.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6,278],"tags":[570,569],"class_list":["post-13178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirma","category-guncel","category-manset","tag-12-eylul-isci-haklarini-nasil-yok-etti","tag-45-yildir-12-eylul","wpcat-3-id","wpcat-6-id","wpcat-278-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13182,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13178\/revisions\/13182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}