T\u00dc\u0130K, Mart 2020 Hanehalk\u0131 \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (H\u0130A) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u0130\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 0,9 puanl\u0131k azal\u0131\u015f ile y\u00fczde 13,2 seviyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye genelinde 15 ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015ftakilerde i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 2020 Mart d\u00f6neminde ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 573 bin ki\u015fi azalarak 3 milyon 971 bin ki\u015fi oldu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
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Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir istihdam depremine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcz binlerce i\u015fyeri kapanm\u0131\u015f, devasa bir i\u015f ve istihdam kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fken T\u00dc\u0130K bir mucizeye imza atm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015fsizli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f! \u0130stihdamda ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck kayba ra\u011fmen T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in i\u015fsizli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi sadece teknik bir konudur. Ger\u00e7ekle ilgisi yoktur. Bu nedenle T\u00dc\u0130K y\u00f6ntemiyle istihdam ve i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in Mart 2020 d\u00f6nemine ait Haziran 2020 H\u0130A sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda yer alan dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 (resm\u00ee) i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ve i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fanan istihdam ve i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmayan ve tamamen i\u015fsizlik hesaplama tekni\u011finin yetersizli\u011finden kaynaklanan bir sonu\u00e7tur.<\/p>\n
T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in i\u015fsizlik hesaplama tekni\u011fi Covid-19 gibi bir salg\u0131n d\u00f6neminin etkilerini yans\u0131tmaktan uzakt\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 referans haftas\u0131ndan geriye do\u011fru 4 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015f arayanlar\u0131 i\u015fsiz say\u0131yor. Oysa Covid-19 d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n olarak i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma yerine k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi ve \u00fccretsiz izin \u00f6dene\u011fi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde istihdamda g\u00f6z\u00fckecek. T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi ve \u00fccretsiz izin \u00f6dene\u011fi alan i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015f aramad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fsiz say\u0131lm\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcne kadar 3,5 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1 milyona yak\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretsiz izin \u00f6dene\u011fi al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi alamayan, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p i\u015fsiz kalanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Covid-19 nedeniyle i\u015f arama e\u011filiminde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar ve onlar da i\u015fsiz say\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc son bir y\u0131lda 2 milyon 235 bin azalarak 32 milyon 339 binden 30 milyon 104 bine geriledi. \u0130stihdam Mart 2019\u2019dan bu yana 1 milyon 662 bin azalarak 27 milyon 795 binden 26 milyon 133 bine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Mart 2019\u2019da 27 milyon olan istihdam i\u00e7inde olup i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 4 milyon 502 bin ki\u015fi azalarak 22 milyon 505 bin oldu. \u0130\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olmayanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise son bir y\u0131lda 2 milyon 840 bin ki\u015fi artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
ILO\u2019NUN Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130N\u0130 KULLANARAK HESAPLANAN \u0130ST\u0130HDAM KAYBI<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00dc\u0130K H\u0130A Mart 2020 verileriyle ILO taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 istihdam kayb\u0131 y\u00f6netimini kullanarak Covid-19 d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan istihdam kayb\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fi yeniden hesaplad\u0131k. ILO taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin dipnottaki kaynaklara bak\u0131labilir. [1]<\/a> Kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgi raporun sonunda metodoloji notunda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n ILO taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 istihdam kayb\u0131 y\u00f6ntemiCovid-19 nedeniyle ya\u015fanan istihdam kayb\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. Bilindi\u011fi gibi T\u00dc\u0130K istihdamda olup i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olmayanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Bunlar istihdam ili\u015fkisi devam eden ve \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde i\u015flerine d\u00f6neceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler ile i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olmay\u0131p gelirinin en az yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elde edenlerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi ile \u00fccretsiz izin alanlar bu kapsamdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n ILO, Covid-19 nedeniyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan s\u00fcreyi e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 istihdama d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek Covid-19 nedeniyle meydana gelen i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131 hesapl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n ILO\u2019nun hesaplama y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131rken Mart 2019 tarihini baz ald\u0131k. Bu tarihte i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haftal\u0131k ortalama fiili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresiyle \u00e7arparak toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresini hesaplad\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 i\u015flemi Mart 2020 i\u00e7in de yapt\u0131k. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinde meydana gelen toplam kayb\u0131 ve toplam i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131n\u0131 haftal\u0131k 45 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya b\u00f6lerek e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 istihdam kayb\u0131n\u0131 bulduk.<\/p>\n ILO metodolojisinden yararlanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hesaplamaya g\u00f6re Covid-19 nedeniyle meydana gelen e\u015fde\u011fer i\u015f kayb\u0131 5,6 milyon olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Mart 2019\u2019a g\u00f6re geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 6 milyon artarak revize edilmi\u015f geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 (tam zamanl\u0131 istihdam kayb\u0131 dahil) 13 milyon 385 bine y\u00fckseldi. 33 milyon 966 milyon olarak dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z geni\u015f i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00f6re revize edilmi\u015f geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik (istihdam kayb\u0131 dahil) oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 39 olarak hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n
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