2018 Asgari \u00dccret Raporu i\u00e7in g\u00f6rseli veya linki t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a><\/p>\nAsgari \u00fccret \u00fclkemizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren bir konudur. Asgari \u00fccret tespiti 16 milyondan fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin ve onlar\u0131n ailelerinin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n en temel konular\u0131ndan biridir. Asgari \u00fccret on milyonlar\u0131n derdidir.<\/p>\n
On milyona yak\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ya asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda ya da asgari \u00fccrete \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan asgari \u00fccret seviyesindeki art\u0131\u015f, genel \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemektedir. \u0130\u015fsizlik \u00f6deneklerinden, emekli ayl\u0131klar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok \u00f6deme asgari \u00fccret d\u00fczeyinden etkilenmektedir.<\/p>\n
2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Asgari \u00dccreti \u00fclkemizin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz nedeniyle her zamankinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n asgari \u00fccreti hem enflasyon hem de d\u00f6viz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda erimi\u015ftir. 2019 asgari \u00fccreti i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kriz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Tespit edilecek asgari \u00fccret \u00f6ncelikle asgari \u00fccret civar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, genel olarak da, D\u0130SK \u00fcyesi olsun olmas\u0131n, sendikal\u0131 olsun olmas\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret seviyesini etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n
Kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00fccretleri bask\u0131lamaya d\u00f6n\u00fck yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, \u201cfedak\u00e2rl\u0131k\u201d ve \u201cayn\u0131 gemideyiz\u201d s\u00f6ylemleri giderek artmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfusunun d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fccret gelirleriyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkede, ya\u015fanabilir bir memleketin ancak ve ancak ya\u015fanabilir bir \u00fccret ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yarar\u0131na olan\u0131n \u00fclkenin de yarar\u0131na oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kapitalizmin her krizinin faturas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilere keserek, sermayeyi kurtarmaya y\u00f6nelik neoliberal politikalar i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve memlekete zarar vermi\u015ftir. \u00dccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131na, insanca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve insanca ya\u015famaya dayal\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve zorunludur. 2019 asgari \u00fccreti belirlenirken konuya dair temel yakla\u015f\u0131m bu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asgari \u00fccret pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131radan bir pazarl\u0131k de\u011fildir. \u00dclkemizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en kapsaml\u0131 m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecidir. D\u0130SK asgari \u00fccret pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Asgari \u00fccret etraf\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele toplumsal, hukuksal ve bilimsel boyutlar\u0131 olan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bug\u00fcn sizlerle payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z D\u0130SK-AR\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAsgari \u00dccret Ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 rapor, asgari \u00fccrete dair ger\u00e7ekleri ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asgari \u00fccrete dair veriler, \u00fclkemizdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ne kadar gerisinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, evrensel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f temel sosyal haklardan birisi olan asgari \u00fccrete dair d\u00fcnyadaki standart ve uygulamalardan \u00e7ok uzaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde asgari \u00fccretin tespitinde uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uyulmamakta, BM, ILO ve Avrupa Konseyi ilkeleri dikkate al\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 normlara g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7inin sadece kendisinin de\u011fil ailesinin de (hane halk\u0131n\u0131n) asgari \u00fccret tespitinde hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dclkemizdeki Asgari \u00dccret Tespit Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nde yer alan tan\u0131mda ise i\u015f\u00e7inin ailesi asgari \u00fccretin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizdeki asgari \u00fccret tespiti sadece uluslararas\u0131 normlara de\u011fil, Asgari \u00dccret Tespit Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine de ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K, Asgari \u00dccret Tespit Komisyonu\u2019na her y\u0131l bir i\u015f\u00e7inin ge\u00e7imi i\u00e7in gerekli besin i\u00e7i ve besin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 harcamalara ili\u015fkin asgari tutar\u0131 hesaplay\u0131p sunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 2018 Asgari \u00dccreti i\u00e7in Komisyon\u2019a sunulan ve Kas\u0131m 2017\u2019deki de\u011ferleri i\u00e7eren rakam 1894 TL idi. Ancak 2018 i\u00e7in belirlenen asgari \u00fccret T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in belirledi\u011fi tek bir i\u015f\u00e7inin asgari ya\u015fam maliyetinin dahi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece son sene de\u011fil, y\u0131llard\u0131r asgari \u00fccret, Asgari \u00dccret Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck belirlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Asgari \u00fccretin seviyesi di\u011fer \u00fclkelere nazaran T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir kesimini do\u011frudan etkilemektedir. Zira AB \u00fclkelerinde asgari \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 7-10 civar\u0131nda iken bu oran T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fczde 40-50 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asgari \u00fccretin d\u00fcnyadaki di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar\u0131n da tamamen ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmemiz gerekmektedir. Asgari \u00fccretin nominal (parasal) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pek anlaml\u0131 de\u011fil. \u00d6nemli olan asgari \u00fccretin al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. OECD verilerine g\u00f6re asgari \u00fccretin sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye, OECD \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde 18. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
OECD \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde asgari \u00fccretin sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc konusunda ortalaman\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan T\u00fcrkiye, cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131 ile \u00fclkedeki asgari \u00fccretin oran\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda zirveye t\u0131rmanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n maa\u015f\u0131 asgari \u00fccretin 25,4 kat\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye bu oran ile OECD i\u00e7inde asgari \u00fccrete g\u00f6re en y\u00fcksek cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\/ba\u015fbakan maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu 4. \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n
Asgari \u00fccretin tespitinde h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve i\u015fveren ittifak\u0131 belirleyici olmaktad\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asgari \u00fccret \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mekanizma olan Asgari \u00dccret Tespit Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmektedir. Komisyonda be\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmet, be\u015f i\u015fveren ve be\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i temsilcisi yer almaktad\u0131r. 2000-2017 aras\u0131nda 18 kez yap\u0131lan asgari \u00fccret g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnde taraflar aras\u0131nda uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131 13 kez saptanan asgari \u00fccrete itiraz etmi\u015f ve bu y\u0131llara ili\u015fkin asgari \u00fccret d\u00fczeyi h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve i\u015fveren kesiminin oylar\u0131yla belirlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fveren kanad\u0131n\u0131n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana sadece iki kez, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i kanad\u0131n\u0131n ise 13 kez asgari \u00fccrete itiraz etmesi asgari \u00fccret tespit s\u00fcrecinin kimin lehine i\u015fledi\u011fi konusunda olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Asgari \u00fccret son y\u0131llarda enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da erimektedir. Asgari \u00fccrette son iki y\u0131la bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda reel kay\u0131p (al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131) y\u00fczde 12\u2019in \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. G\u0131da harcamalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kay\u0131p daha da b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Asgari \u00fccretlinin al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc, krizle birlikte s\u0131\u00e7rayan enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, domateste y\u00fczde 53, yumurtada y\u00fczde 38 gerilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Asgari \u00fccret d\u00f6viz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da ciddi bir erimeyle y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda ayl\u0131k 414 ABD dolar\u0131 olan asgari \u00fccret 2018 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 itibariyle 302 dolara gerilemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye dolar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc cennetine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asgari \u00fccretin ABD dolar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerilemesi T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00c7in\u2019deki asgari \u00fccretleri ABD dolar\u0131 baz\u0131nda birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca Asgari \u00fccret milli gelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, yani \u00fclke ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin de gerisinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son 20 y\u0131lda reel asgari \u00fccret, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na reel milli gelire g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 20 oran\u0131nda gerilemi\u015ftir, yani i\u015f\u00e7iler aleyhine e\u015fitsizlik b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu \u201ccinsiyet\u201d nedeniyle i\u015fverenin i\u015f\u00e7ilere e\u015fit davranmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011funu d\u00fczenlenmesine ra\u011fmen uygulamada \u00fclkemiz \u00fccret e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesinden olduk\u00e7a uzakt\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde, kad\u0131nlar erkeklerden daha az kazanmaktad\u0131r. Asgari \u00fccret alt\u0131 \u00fccret alan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oran\u0131 erkeklerden fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son y\u0131llarda i\u015fverenlere sa\u011flanan \u00e7e\u015fitli te\u015fvikler sonucunda net asgari \u00fccret ile asgari \u00fccretin i\u015fverene maliyeti aras\u0131ndaki fark da azalmaktad\u0131r. Asgari \u00fccretin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015fverenler yerine kamu kaynaklar\u0131ndan finanse edilmektedir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda asgari \u00fccretin i\u015fverene maliyeti, net asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i kadar daha fazlayd\u0131; 2018 itibariyle asgari \u00fccretin i\u015fverene maliyeti net asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 49 fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Net asgari \u00fccretin tutar\u0131 konusunda uzun zamand\u0131r kamuoyu yan\u0131lt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi 2008 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fccretliler toplad\u0131klar\u0131 fatura ve fi\u015fler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devletten vergi iadesi almaktayd\u0131. 2008\u2019de bunun yerine Asgari Ge\u00e7im \u0130ndirimi (AG\u0130) uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. AG\u0130\u2019nin dahil edilmesiyle net asgari \u00fccret oldu\u011fundan y\u00fcksek g\u00f6sterilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Oysa AG\u0130 i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmiyor ve \u00fccret de\u011fildir. Net asgari \u00fccret i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denen miktard\u0131r. AG\u0130 ise devlet taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan bir destektir. 2018 itibariyle AG\u0130 hari\u00e7 asgari \u00fccret 1603 TL de\u011fil asl\u0131nda 1451 TL\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Asgari \u00dccret Raporu 2018 2018 Asgari \u00dccret Raporu i\u00e7in g\u00f6rseli veya linki t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z Asgari \u00fccret \u00fclkemizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren bir konudur….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-c-s2-post.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,6],"tags":[30,50],"class_list":["post-2162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asgari-ucret-raporu","category-guncel","tag-asgari-ucret","tag-ekonomik-kriz","wpcat-17-id","wpcat-6-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2162"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2590,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2162\/revisions\/2590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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