{"id":4116,"date":"2020-09-14T23:36:06","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T20:36:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=4116"},"modified":"2024-04-19T11:41:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T08:41:53","slug":"10-yildir-genis-tanimli-issizligi-hesapliyoruz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=4116","title":{"rendered":"Geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fi 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r hesapl\u0131yoruz!"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u0130SK-AR olarak 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00dc\u0130K’in standart dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fi hesaplayarak kamuoyuna sunuyoruz.\u00a0Geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131n aradan ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7inde \u00fclkemizde yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan mutluyuz. \u00d6zellikle salg\u0131n sonras\u0131nda geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131na daha \u00e7ok ba\u015fvuruldu\u011fu ve dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan uzak oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki de\u011ferlendirmelerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

D\u0130SK-AR olarak geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de olsa bir katk\u0131m\u0131z olduysa bundan memnunluk duyar\u0131z.\u00a0D\u0130SK-AR olarak hakikatin pe\u015finde gitmeye ve eme\u011fin ve\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek verilerini kamuoyuna sunmaya devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

D\u0130SK-AR olarak geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z metodoloji a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0130SK-AR Taraf\u0131ndan Kullan\u0131lan Geni\u015f Tan\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130\u015fsizlik Metodolojisi<\/h4>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K referans d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde istihdam halinde olmayan (k\u00e2r kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yevmiyeli, \u00fccretli ya da \u00fccretsiz olarak hi\u00e7bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6yle bir i\u015f ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131\u00a0da olmayan) ki\u015filerden i\u015f aramak i\u00e7in\u00a0son 4 hafta\u00a0i\u00e7inde i\u015f arama kanallar\u0131ndan en az birini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve 2 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapabilecek durumda olan 15 ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015ftaki ki\u015fileri i\u015fsiz olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde i\u015f arama kriterinde referans d\u00f6nemi olarak \u201cson 4 hafta\u201d yerine \u201cson 3 ay\u201d kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.\u00a0Dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 i\u015fsizlerin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne oran\u0131 olarak hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015f Tan\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130\u015fsizlik<\/h4>\n

Dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 (standart) i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131ndaki durumu b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131yla ortaya koyam\u0131yor. Dar tan\u0131ml\u0131\/standart i\u015fsizlik hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlar ve sorunlar nedeniyle, i\u015fsizli\u011fin ger\u00e7ek boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in alternatif i\u015fsizlik hesaplamalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alternatif i\u015fsizlik hesaplamalar\u0131 konusunda en detayl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) \u00f6nermektedir. ILO geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fi eme\u011fin eksik kullan\u0131m\u0131 (labour underutiliation) olarak adland\u0131rmakta ve standart i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in alternatif\/geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131 da hesaplamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 ILO geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik kapsam\u0131nda zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 eksik istihdam edilenleri (k\u0131sa zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, mevsimlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131), standart i\u015fsizleri ve potansiyel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc (halen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p i\u015f bulursa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyenleri) dahil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

AB \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu Eurostat da alternatif i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler yay\u0131nlamaktad\u0131r. Eurostat k\u0131smi zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n eksik istihdam\u0131, i\u015f aramay\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olanlar ve i\u015f aray\u0131p hemen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olamayanlar ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda alternatif i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131na dahil etmektedir. ABD \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130statistikleri B\u00fcrosu geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fi, \u201ceme\u011fin eksik kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alternatif hesaplanmas\u0131\u201d (alternative measures of labor underutilization) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ile birlikte d\u00fczenli olarak hesaplay\u0131p yay\u0131nlamaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik verilerini a\u00e7\u0131klamasa da \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum ve ki\u015filer geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamaktad\u0131r. T\u0130SK bir s\u00fcre geni\u015fletilmi\u015f i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ancak daha sonra bu hesaplamadan vazge\u00e7ti.\u00a0 T\u00dcS\u0130AD \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda alternatif i\u015fsizlik hesaplamalar\u0131na yer verdi. D\u0130SK-AR 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamaktad\u0131r. Alternatif i\u015fsizlik hesaplamalar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan Hanehalk\u0131 \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda yer alan ham verilerin yeniden hesaplanmas\u0131yla bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

D\u0130SK-AR\u2019\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131 be\u015f unsurdan olu\u015fuyor: 1) Dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 (standart) i\u015fsizler, 2) \u0130\u015f aramayan ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olanlar iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131yor: 2-a) \u0130\u015f bulma \u00fcmidini kaybedenler, 2-b) \u0130\u015f aramayan ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olan di\u011fer bireyler, 3) Mevsimlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, 4) Zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 eksik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar.\u00a0Bu be\u015f unsur T\u00dc\u0130K verilerinde ham olarak bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 eksik istihdam:<\/strong> Referans haftas\u0131nda istihdamda olan, esas i\u015finde ve di\u011fer i\u015finde\/i\u015flerinde toplam olarak 40 saatten daha az s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup, daha fazla s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istedi\u011fini belirten ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu taktirde daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayabilecek olan ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f aramay\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olanlar:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bir i\u015f aramayan, ancak 2 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu belirten ki\u015filerdir. Bunlar iki alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f bulma \u00fcmidi olmayanlar<\/em>:<\/strong> Daha \u00f6nce i\u015f arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bulamayan veya kendi vas\u0131flar\u0131na uygun bir i\u015f bulabilece\u011fine inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f aramayan ancak i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu belirten ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer:<\/em>Mevsimlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ev kad\u0131n\u0131 olma, \u00f6\u011frencilik, irad sahibi olma, emeklilik ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz halde olma gibi nedenlerle i\u015f aramay\u0131p ancak i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu belirten ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n

Revize Edilmi\u015f Geni\u015f Tan\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130\u015fsizlik<\/h4>\n

Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131na ILO taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131n eklenmesiyle hesaplanan i\u015fsizlik. Revize edilmi\u015f geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik hesaplamas\u0131nda zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 eksik istihdama yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bunun nedeni zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 eksik istihdam\u0131n e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 istihdam kayb\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u015fde\u011fer Tam Zamanl\u0131 \u0130stihdam Kayb\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n fiili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinde meydana gelen kayb\u0131n e\u015fde\u011fer tam zamanl\u0131 i\u015f kayb\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yoluyla bulunan istihdam kayb\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hesaplamada kay\u0131p ilgili d\u00f6nemlerde i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n fiili toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri aras\u0131nda fark\u0131n tam zamanl\u0131 (45 saatlik) haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresine b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Haziran 2019\u2019da i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 o tarihteki fiili ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi ile \u00e7arp\u0131larak toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 i\u015flem Haziran 2020\u2019de yap\u0131larak aradaki fark\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve 45\u2019e b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle e\u015fde\u011fer istihdam kayb\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olanlar:<\/strong>\u00a0Yevmiyeli, \u00fccretli, maa\u015fl\u0131, kendi hesab\u0131na, i\u015fveren ya da \u00fccretsiz aile i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak referans d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde en az bir saat bir iktisadi faaliyette bulunan ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olmayanlar<\/strong>:\u00a0\u0130\u015fi ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 devam etti\u011fi halde, referans haftas\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle i\u015finin ba\u015f\u0131nda olmasa da kendi hesab\u0131na ve i\u015fverenler istihdamda kabul edilmektedir. \u00dccretli ve maa\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle referans d\u00f6neminde i\u015flerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmayan fertler; ancak 3 aydan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde i\u015flerinin ba\u015f\u0131na geri d\u00f6neceklerse veya i\u015ften uzak kald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda maa\u015f veya \u00fccretlerinin en az %50 ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 almaya devam ediyorlarsa istihdamda kabul edilmektedir. Yevmiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle referans d\u00f6neminde i\u015flerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmayan fertler ise; i\u015ften uzak kald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00fccretlerinin en az %50 ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 almaya devam ediyorlarsa istihdamda kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, referans haftas\u0131 i\u00e7inde “1 saat” bile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olan \u00fccretsiz aile i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve yevmiyeliler istihdamda kabul edilmemektedir.<\/p>\n

10 y\u0131l \u00f6nce hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik haberini tekrar dikkatinize sunuyoruz.<\/h3>\n

2010 MAYIS AYI D\u00d6NEM\u0130 \u0130ST\u0130HDAM RAPORU<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n