{"id":4466,"date":"2020-12-07T11:15:21","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T08:15:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=4466"},"modified":"2024-04-19T11:41:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T08:41:23","slug":"disk-arin-salgin-gunlerinde-asgari-ucret-gercegi-arastirmasi-2021-yayimlandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=4466","title":{"rendered":"D\u0130SK-AR’\u0131n Salg\u0131n G\u00fcnlerinde Asgari \u00dccret Ger\u00e7e\u011fi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (2021) yay\u0131mland\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u0130SK Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (D\u0130SK-AR) taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l d\u00fczenli olarak haz\u0131rlanan asgari \u00fccret ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bu y\u0131l\u00a0\u00a0Salg\u0131n G\u00fcnlerinde Asgari \u00dccret Ger\u00e7e\u011fi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131-2021 <\/a><\/strong>ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma 7 Aral\u0131k 2020’de Mimarlar Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckkent \u015eubesi’nde d\u00fczenlenen bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131 ile D\u0130SK Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Arzu \u00c7erkezo\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n G\u00fcnlerinde Asgari \u00dccret Ger\u00e7e\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 asgari \u00fccretin \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asgari \u00fccret uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 ele almakta ve T\u00fcrkiye’de asgari \u00fccret ger\u00e7e\u011fini sergilemektedir.
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6zet bulgular\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer al\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tam metnine bu linki ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6rseli t\u0131klayarak ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/a><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n infografik \u00f6zetine buradan ula\u015fabilirsiniz<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye asgari \u00fccretliler toplumu haline geliyor:
\n<\/strong>Asgari \u00fccret milyonlar\u0131n meselesidir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i asgari \u00fccrete mahk\u00fbm iken milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ise yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde asgari \u00fccretten mahrumdur. Asgari \u00fccret azami say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7iyi ilgilendiriyor. Asgari \u00fccret giderek ortalama \u00fccret haline geliyor, ortalama \u00fccret asgari \u00fccret d\u00fczeyine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 3.3 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i var:
\n<\/strong>3,3 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i (b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 17\u2019si) asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda bir \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Asgari \u00fccretin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan daha az \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyona yak\u0131n. Asgari \u00fccret ve alt\u0131nda bir \u00fccretle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek zorunda olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 7,5 milyon (b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 38,3\u2019\u00fc) civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccret civar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 10 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i var:
\n<\/strong>Asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 20 fazlas\u0131 ve alt\u0131nda \u00fccret alan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 9,7 milyondur. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 50\u2019ye yak\u0131n\u0131 bu kapsamdad\u0131r. T\u00fcm \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 64\u2019\u00fc ise (12,5 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i) asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131 ile asgari \u00fccretin bir bu\u00e7uk kat\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir \u00fccret elde ediyor.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n asgari \u00fccretleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve asgari \u00fccret civar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131:<\/strong>
\nCovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131yla birlikte \u00fccretlerde \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plar ya\u015fand\u0131 ve asgari \u00fccret alt\u0131nda gelir elde edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131. 1.168 TL \u00f6denekle zorunlu \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lanlar asgari \u00fccretin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar bir gelirle ya\u015famaya zorlan\u0131yor. Salg\u0131nla birlikte k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi ve \u00fccretsiz izin \u00f6dene\u011fiyle asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilenler ile i\u015fini kaybeden kay\u0131ts\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7iler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda gelirle ya\u015famak zorunda olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin y\u00fczde 22’si asgari \u00fccrete eri\u015femiyor:
\n<\/strong>\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin y\u00fczde 21,7\u2019si asgari \u00fccrete eri\u015femiyor. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde asgari \u00fccret ve alt\u0131nda \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 49 ve asgari \u00fccret civar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 62\u2019dir. 9,5 milyona yak\u0131n \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015f\u00e7isi asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 20\u2019si ve alt\u0131nda \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar asgari \u00fccrette ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze:
\n<\/strong>Asgari \u00fccrete eri\u015femeyenlerin oran\u0131 genelde y\u00fczde 17 iken kad\u0131nlarda bu oran y\u00fczde 25\u2019i a\u015f\u0131yor. Asgari \u00fccret d\u00fczeyinde ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret alanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 genelde y\u00fczde 38 iken, kad\u0131nlarda y\u00fczde 49\u2019a y\u00fckseliyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 asgari \u00fccret ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar \u00e7ok daha derin bir \u00fccret e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ya\u015f\u0131yor:
\n<\/strong>\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 32,5\u2019i asgari \u00fccret alt\u0131nda \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 9,3\u2019\u00fc ise asgari \u00fccretin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131nda \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlan\u0131yor. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde asgari \u00fccretin olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131 ile asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 20 fazlas\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalan kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 76\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccret ortalama \u00fccret haline geliyor:
\n<\/strong>\u00dccretler asgari \u00fccret d\u00fczeyine geriliyor. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayl\u0131k ortalama \u00fccret ve maa\u015f geliri asgari \u00fccretin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 kat\u0131 iken, 2019\u2019da asgari \u00fccretin 1,41 kat\u0131na geriledi.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccret ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na milli gelire g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 40\u2019tan fazla geriledi:
\n<\/strong>1978\u2019de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na milli gelirin y\u00fczde 3,4 \u00fczerinde olan asgari \u00fccret, aradan ge\u00e7en 42 y\u0131lda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na milli gelirin y\u00fczde 40 alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Asgari \u00fccret ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelire paralel olarak artsayd\u0131 br\u00fct asgari \u00fccretin 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2.943 TL de\u011fil, 4.995 TL olmas\u0131 gerekirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Avrupa \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde asgari \u00fccreti en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda:
\n<\/strong>2010\u2019da Avrupa\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck asgari \u00fccrete sahip 12 \u00fclke varken, 2020\u2019de bu say\u0131 3\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck asgari \u00fccrete sahip \u00fclkeler S\u0131rbistan, Bulgaristan ve Arnavutluk\u2019tur. Ancak 2020 Kas\u0131m ve Aral\u0131k ay\u0131ndaki g\u00fcncel d\u00f6viz kur dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki asgari \u00fccretin Arnavutluk hari\u00e7 Avrupa\u2019daki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck asgari \u00fccret oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccretli bir i\u015f\u00e7i bir y\u0131l\u0131n 122 g\u00fcn\u00fc vergiler i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor:
\n<\/strong>Br\u00fct asgari \u00fccretin dolayl\u0131-dolays\u0131z vergi ve kesintilerini dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda y\u00fczde 33,4\u2019\u00fc (983 TL) vergi ve kesintilere gidiyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin eline (Asgari Ge\u00e7im \u0130ndirimi-AG\u0130 dahil) br\u00fct asgari \u00fccretin sadece y\u00fczde 66,6\u2019s\u0131 net harcanabilir gelir olarak ge\u00e7iyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i 365 g\u00fcn\u00fcn 122 g\u00fcn\u00fc vergi ve kesintiler i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccretten al\u0131nan vergi artt\u0131:
\n<\/strong>Asgari \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerden al\u0131nan vergi miktar\u0131 ilk vergi dilimi tarifesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutularak art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 2002 ve 2003 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ilk vergi dilimi tarifesi asgari \u00fccretin 15-16 kat\u0131 idi. AKP iktidar\u0131nda vergi dilimi tarifeleri asgari \u00fccretten ve enflasyondan daha az art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk vergi dilimi asgari \u00fccretin 7,5 kat\u0131na geriledi.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccret dolara kar\u015f\u0131 eridi:
\n<\/strong>ABD dolar\u0131 cinsinden asgari \u00fccret 2016\u2019da 430 ABD dolar\u0131na y\u00fckseldi. Sonra ekonomik ve siyasal istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak asgari \u00fccret dolar cinsinden gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ocak-Kas\u0131m 2020 ortalama kurlara g\u00f6re asgari \u00fccret 336 ABD dolar\u0131na geriledi. G\u00fcncel kurlara g\u00f6re ise 300 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Asgari \u00fccret 25 Cumhuriyet alt\u0131n\u0131ndan 10 alt\u0131na geriledi:
\n<\/strong>Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama Cumhuriyet alt\u0131n\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda asgari \u00fccretin y\u0131ll\u0131k tutar\u0131 ile 25 alt\u0131n al\u0131nabilirken 2020\u2019de y\u0131ll\u0131k net asgari \u00fccretle sadece 10 Cumhuriyet alt\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131nabilmektedir.
\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u0130SK Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (D\u0130SK-AR) taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l d\u00fczenli olarak haz\u0131rlanan asgari \u00fccret ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bu y\u0131l\u00a0\u00a0Salg\u0131n G\u00fcnlerinde Asgari \u00dccret Ger\u00e7e\u011fi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131-2021 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma 7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-c-s2-post.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,17,6],"tags":[226,30,27,207],"class_list":["post-4466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirma","category-asgari-ucret-raporu","category-guncel","tag-2021-asgari-ucret","tag-asgari-ucret","tag-covid-19","tag-ucretler","wpcat-3-id","wpcat-17-id","wpcat-6-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4466"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4675,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466\/revisions\/4675"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}