{"id":8372,"date":"2022-03-11T11:05:15","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T08:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=8372"},"modified":"2024-04-19T11:39:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T08:39:27","slug":"covid-19-iscileri-yoksullastirdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=8372","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 i\u015f\u00e7ileri yoksulla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130kinci Y\u0131l\u0131nda Pandeminin \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere Etkileri Raporu yay\u0131mland\u0131!<\/b><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ap\u0131nda Alan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

11 Mart 2020\u2019de ba\u015flayan ve 11 Mart 2022\u2019de ikinci y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 dolduran Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 (pandemisi) sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck insani tahribata yol a\u00e7makla kalmad\u0131, salg\u0131n ciddi sosyo-ekonomik olumsuzluklar yaratt\u0131. \u00d6nemli i\u015f ve gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Salg\u0131ndan en olumsuz etkilenen kesimlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (D\u0130SK-AR) taraf\u0131ndan ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda pandeminin i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerindeki etkileri ortaya koymay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ileri kapsayan ara\u015ft\u0131rma Covid-19 d\u00f6neminde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin daha da yoksulla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bor\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) T\u00fcrkiye Temsilcili\u011finin katk\u0131lar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Y\u00f6neylem Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc: Ekonomik Krizin ve Covid-19 Salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ve \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00dczerindeki Etkileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ad\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00fcnlerde kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ileri kapsayan alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (anket) Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc olumsuz sosyo-ekonomik etkiler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. \u00d6zetle s\u00f6yleyecek olursa pandeminin ekonomik bedelini ve y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6dedi ve \u00f6demeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Covid-19 pandemisinin i\u015f\u00e7iler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7e\u015fitli verilerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6nde daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kamuoyu ile payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile ilk kez \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda pandeminin i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerindeki sosyo-ekonomik etkileri ortaya konmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporuna eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/a><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/p>\n

Pandemide ortalama \u00fccret ile asgari \u00fccret aras\u0131ndaki makas daha da kapand\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pandemiyle birlikte i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imleri de\u011fi\u015fti, gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. 2017\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmada i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama \u00fccretleri asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 35 \u00fczerinde iken 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son aylar\u0131nda ortalama i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri asgari \u00fccretin y\u00fczde 27,5 d\u00fczeyine geriledi. Pandemi d\u00f6neminde ortalama \u00fccretler asgari \u00fccrete do\u011fru d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam etmi\u015f ve makas daralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni pandemi d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve nakdi \u00fccret desteklerinin i\u015f\u00e7ilerin as\u0131l \u00fccretlerinin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pandemi d\u00f6neminde en \u00f6nemli iki sorun i\u015fsizlik ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda i\u015fsizli\u011fi en \u00f6nemli sorun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 72\u2019si \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sorun nedir\u201d sorusuna \u201ci\u015fsizlik\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u0130kinci en \u00f6nemli sorun ise y\u00fczde 65 ile \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret\u201d olmu\u015ftur. Bu sonu\u00e7lar pandemi d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan i\u015f ve gelir kayb\u0131n\u0131n etkisini ortaya koymas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin belirtikleri en \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sorun y\u00fczde 44,8 ile sigortas\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma\/kay\u0131td\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc sorun y\u00fczde 43 ile uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Pandemide ev masraflar\u0131 artt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilere pandemi d\u00f6neminde ev masraflar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131p artmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soruldu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 58\u2019i pandemi d\u00f6neminde ev masraflar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken, y\u00fczde 26,2\u2019si bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe k\u0131smen kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece y\u00fczde 14,5\u2019i pandemi d\u00f6neminde ev masraflar\u0131n\u0131n artmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. B\u00f6ylece masraflar\u0131n tamamen veya k\u0131smen artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 85,5\u2019i pandemi d\u00f6neminde ev masraflar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Pandemide ya\u015fam ve ge\u00e7inme zorla\u015ft\u0131, bor\u00e7lanma artt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bor\u00e7lanman\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 pandemide i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 55\u2019i pandemi d\u00f6neminde bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fczde 27\u2019si faturalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekte zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fczde 25\u2019i kredi kart\u0131 borcunu \u00f6deyemedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131nda harcamalar k\u0131s\u0131ld\u0131, ucuz besinlere y\u00f6nelim artt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pandemide artan ge\u00e7inme, ya\u015fam zorlu\u011fu ve bor\u00e7lanma ile ba\u015f edebilmek i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 66,4\u2019\u00fc harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fczde 49,6\u2019s\u0131 ise daha ucuz besinlere y\u00f6neldi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 32,4\u2019\u00fc kredi kartlar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Ana yard\u0131m kayna\u011f\u0131 aileler, \u0130\u015eKUR ikinci s\u0131rada kald\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin pandemide ald\u0131klar\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131n ana kayna\u011f\u0131 aileleri oldu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 39\u2019u ailesinden yard\u0131m ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi ve \u00fccretsiz izin \u00f6dene\u011fi alanlar\u0131n toplam oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 32,5 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Covid-19 bir i\u015f\u00e7i hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 46\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n kendisi veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015f\u0131 Covid-19\u2019a yakaland\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Covid-19\u2019un ayn\u0131 zamanda bir i\u015f\u00e7i hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanma oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 54,4\u2019\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken y\u00fczde 46’s\u0131 ise kendilerinin ve\/veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Covid-19’a yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fcretim \u00e7arklar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 30\u2019u i\u015fyerinde Covid-19 vakas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen i\u015flerin durdurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcretimin devam etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Covid-19\u2019a yakalanma oran\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131nda salg\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun d\u00f6neminde bile \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Salg\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kapanmalar ve i\u015fe ara vermeler ile di\u011fer d\u00fczenlemeler nedeniyle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu. K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u00fccretsiz izin, evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi yeni istihdam bi\u00e7imleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 25,8\u2019i \u201cbir de\u011fi\u015fme olmad\u0131, eskisi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ediyorum\u201d derken y\u00fczde 74,2\u2019si ise pandemi d\u00f6neminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7iminin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda ula\u015f\u0131lamama hakk\u0131 ihlali artt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 57\u2019si pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda her an ula\u015f\u0131labilir durumda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 29,7\u2019si bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe k\u0131smen kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtirken, sadece y\u00fczde 10,5\u2019i bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir. Bu durum pandemi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda i\u015f saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n eri\u015filebilir hale geldi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pandemide ev i\u015fleri ve bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc artt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 48,8\u2019i ev i\u015fleri ve bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu oran erkeklerde y\u00fczde 44,8 iken, kad\u0131nlarda y\u00fczde 52,9 d\u00fczeyindedir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lan ve evden uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 50,6\u2019s\u0131 salg\u0131n d\u00f6neminde i\u015f ve i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 (\u00f6zel) ya\u015fam s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kayboldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 30,7\u2019i ise bu ifadeye k\u0131smen kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Pandemide kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler ayn\u0131 zamanda ev i\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez emek\u00e7iler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev i\u015flerine ve bak\u0131ma ayr\u0131lan zaman artt\u0131k\u00e7a kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin buraya ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre aras\u0131ndaki makas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ev i\u015flerine ve bak\u0131ma 3-6 saat ay\u0131ran kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 23,7, erkeklerin oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 9,7\u2019dir. Ev ve bak\u0131m i\u015flerine zaman ay\u0131rmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 7,6 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131rken erkeklerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 29\u2019a y\u00fckselmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler sa\u011flanan destekleri yetersiz buluyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 43,5\u2019i verilen sosyal destekleri yetersiz bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 28,5\u2019i destekleri yeterli bulmaktad\u0131r. Destekleri ne yeterli ne yetersiz bulanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 24,5\u2019tir.<\/p>\n

Pandemi d\u00f6neminde H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019in sa\u011fl\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bulanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 36,1\u2019i h\u00fck\u00fcmetin sa\u011fl\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bulurken y\u00fczde 35,4\u2019\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z buldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 26\u2019s\u0131 ise H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ne ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ne ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z buldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Rapora eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130kinci Y\u0131l\u0131nda Pandeminin \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere Etkileri Raporu yay\u0131mland\u0131! T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ap\u0131nda Alan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 11 Mart 2020\u2019de ba\u015flayan ve 11 Mart 2022\u2019de ikinci y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 dolduran Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-c-s2-post.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,55,6,278],"tags":[27,248,355],"class_list":["post-8372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirma","category-covid-19","category-guncel","category-manset","tag-covid-19","tag-pandemi","tag-turkiye-isci-sinifinin-gorunumu-arastirmasi-2021","wpcat-3-id","wpcat-55-id","wpcat-6-id","wpcat-278-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8372"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10561,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8372\/revisions\/10561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}